Understanding the factors that influence mould in Cannabis sativa, particularly those strains high in THC, is pivotal in ensuring the safety and efficacy of medicinal and recreational products. As an increasing number of jurisdictions continue to legalise cannabis, the importance of maintaining a product free from harmful yeast and mould (TYM) levels is paramount, particularly for immunocompromised users.
A recent article by Punja, Lung, and Buirs published in Frontiers in Microbiology titled “Total yeast and mold levels in high THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences are influenced by genotype, environment, and pre-and post-harvest handling practices” provides a comprehensive insight into this issue. The study thoroughly investigated how various factors impact the build-up of TYM in cannabis inflorescences, contributing significantly to our understanding of the industry’s challenges.
The researchers assayed over 2000 fresh and dried samples for TYM levels over a three-year period (2019-2022). They identified that the genotype of cannabis grown, the environment, and pre-and post-harvest handling methods significantly influence TYM levels. The findings indicated that factors such as presence of leaf litter in the greenhouse, harvesting activity by workers, high temperatures and relative humidity, and inadequate drying of buds all contributed to increased TYM levels.
Conversely, techniques such as air circulation via fans, harvesting during November-April, and drying to a moisture content of 12-14% (water activity of 0.65-0.7) decreased TYM levels. Importantly, the majority of commercially dried cannabis samples contained <1,000–5,000 cfu/g when these optimal conditions were adhered to.
Interestingly, the study also highlighted that not all TYM found in cannabis are harmful to humans. In fact, some fungi and yeasts could have beneficial interactions within the cannabis plant. However, the current testing methods do not distinguish between beneficial and potentially harmful microbes, relying solely on the analysis of total colony-forming units.
The authors emphasise the inconsistency in regulatory standards for TYM levels across different jurisdictions, making it difficult for cannabis producers to ensure their products’ compliance. While some regions enforce uniform guidelines, the lack of standardised methods for quantifying TYM is an ongoing concern that regulatory agencies must address.
These findings underscore the importance of further research into factors influencing TYM levels in cannabis. As the industry expands, producers need clear, reliable guidelines to ensure consistent product quality and protect consumer health.
Reference
Punja, Z., Lung, S. and Buirs, L., Total Yeast and Mold Levels in High THC-containing Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) Inflorescences are Influenced by Genotype, Environment, and Pre-and Post-harvest Handling Practices. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, p.1674.
Please note that this article aims to provide a clear, concise summary of recent scientific research. It should not replace the advice of a qualified healthcare professional.
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